A steel coil is manufactured by processing a steel sheet and winding it into a coil. Regarding rust prevention technology for steel coils, the treatment agents are named differently depending on the application. An agent that is used for coating after treatment is called a prime coating agent, and an agent that is used independently is called a temporary rust preventive agent.
① Prime coating agent
A prime coating agent forms a film of about 0.1 μm thick on zinc plating and alloy-based zinc plating to impart coating film adhesion and corrosion resistance. It is used mainly for outdoor electric home appliances and construction materials, such as switchboards, roofing materials, shutters, and unit baths.
② Temporary rust preventive agent (fingerprint-resistant agent)
A temporary rust preventive agent forms a film of 1 to 2 μm thick on the surface of zinc plating and alloy-based zinc plating to prevent the development of white rust until workpieces are processed into final products. It also prevents the adhesion of fingerprints during processing and corrosion caused by chemicals, such as acids and alkalis. It is used mainly for construction materials and electric home appliances, including TV sets, washing machines, refrigerators, and air conditioners.
Stainless steel plate is often referred to as 'corrosion-resistant steel' - it does not stain, corrode or rust as easily as normal carbon steel. It would however be misleading to say it is corrosion-proof. It differs significantly from standard carbon steel due to the amount of chromium present, which limits surface corrosion unlike carbon steel which will rust when exposed to air and any moisture in the atmosphere. Due to its anti-oxidation qualities, stainless steel is often a popular solution.
What are the key features of this technology?
① Prime coating agent
A prime coating agent is made mainly from inorganic compounds and organic resins. The following functionality is imparted by mixing a rust preventive agent (special inhibitor) with an adhesion-imparting agent, which have been developed over many years, achieving performance equivalent to that of chromate.
1. Suppression of corrosion reaction by adsorption of an inhibitor on the plating surface (corrosion resistance)
2. Processing adhesion due to strong bonding with the coating film (adhesion)
② Temporary rust preventive agent (fingerprint-resistant agent)
The following functionality is imparted by mixing a thermal cross-linking resin binder with a rust preventive agent (special inhibitor), achieving performance equivalent to that of chromate.
1. Suppression of corrosion reaction by adsorption of an inhibitor on the plating surface (corrosion resistance)
2. Strong bonding with plating achieved by an adhesive functional group (adhesion)
3. Suppression of penetration of corrosive factors by increasing the film density (barrier performance)
Contribution to the solution of social issues
Chromate treatment has been widely used for zinc plating and alloy-based zinc plating due to superb corrosion resistance and coating adhesion. It is still used for products that require rigorous corrosion resistance. However, chromate treatment uses hexavalent chromium, which is hazardous to the human body and adversely affects the environment. We were quick to launch a project to develop alternative solutions. We have a full lineup of completely chromium-free surface treatment agents free from hexavalent chromium and chromium compounds.
Steel coils are indispensable materials for all metal products, and are therefore an integral part of our daily lives. We contribute to realizing a sustainable society where steel products can be used safely over the long term in an environmentally friendly manner.
What is Steel Pipe?
Steel pipe has been produced in the US since the early 1800s. Pipe is a hollow section with a round cross-section, primarily made for the transportation of products including fluids, gas, pellets, powders, and more. But steel pipes are used in a variety of ways. They are used underground for transporting water and gas throughout cities and towns. They are also specified in construction to protect electrical wires. Steel pipes can be strong, but lightweight. This makes them great for bicycle frames. They are also used in the making of parts for automobiles, refrigeration units, heating and plumbing systems, flagpoles and street lamps, just to name a few.
The most important dimension for a pipe is the outer diameter (OD) together with the wall thickness (WT). OD minus 2 times WT (schedule) determines the inside diameter (ID) of a pipe, which determines the liquid capacity of the pipe. In our industry, when we talk about pipe, we tend to call out an (ID) and schedule, like 2 inch schedule 40, or 14 inch extra heavy. Examples of walls or schedules are Sch. 40, Sch. 80, Sch. Standard (STD), Sch. XS/XH, and Sch. XXS. Most pipe is sold in 21 or 42 foot lengths.
What is Steel Tube?
The word tube refers to round, square, rectangular, and oval hollow sections that are used for pressure equipment, for mechanical applications, and for instrumentation systems.
Steel tubing can be made from various raw materials, like iron, carbon, manganese, vanadium, and zirconium. Like pipe, tubing can be produced as either seamless or welded. Seamless tubing is a solid block of steel that is rolled into a round shape and then pierced and stretched into its final length. Think of having a wad of play dough and rolling it into a cylinder. Then push your finger through the middle and make it longer with the extra dough. That’s how it’s produced, but it’s hot and spinning and completely done with machines. Welded steel tubing, on the other hand, is made from the coil. The coil is slit and then rolled up into a round shape and the ends are welded together. From there, the tubing can simply be cut to a certain length as round tubing, or it can be further deformed into other shapes, such as square, rectangular, oval, etc.
What’s the opposite of scaffolding a lesson? Saying to students, “Read this nine-page science article, write a detailed essay on the topic it explores, and turn it in by Wednesday.” Yikes! No safety net, no parachute—they’re just left to their own devices.
Let’s start by agreeing that scaffolding a lesson and differentiating instruction are two different things. Scaffolding is breaking up the learning into chunks and providing a tool, or structure, with each chunk. When scaffolding reading, for example, you might preview the text and discuss key vocabulary, or chunk the text and then read and discuss as you go. With differentiation, you might give a child an entirely different piece of text to read, or shorten the text or alter it, or modify the writing assignment that follows.
Simply put, scaffolding is what you do first with kids. For those students who are still struggling, you may need to differentiate by modifying an assignment or making accommodations like choosing a more accessible text or assigning an alternative project.
Scaffolding and differentiation do have something in common, though. In order to meet students where they are and appropriately scaffold a lesson or differentiate instruction, you have to know the individual and collective zone of proximal development (ZPD) of your learners. Education researcher Eileen Raymond says, “The ZPD is the distance between what children can do by themselves and the next learning that they can be helped to achieve with competent assistance.”
So let’s get to some scaffolding strategies you may or may not have tried yet. Or perhaps you’ve not used them in some time and need a gentle reminder on how awesome and helpful they can be when it comes to student learning.
Riser vs Flat Bars
Riser Vs Flat Bars
We’ve been asked by some riders with bikes with flat handlebars if they should change to riser bars. The large majority of handlebars on mountain bikes are either ‘riser’ or ‘flat’. On downhill and most longer travel bikes (140 mm or more of rear travel) riser bars are prevalent. However, on more racey, cross country style bikes, both riser and flat bars are common.
In this article we’ll examine the difference between the two bars and offer some insight into whether you should consider changing from flat bars to riser bars.
For the purpose of the article, we will assume that the bike in any example given has a stem with little or no rise itself and is not overly short or long. More about stems and how they affect the bike/bars later.
What is a ‘flat’ bar?
A flat mtb handlebar is pretty as the title suggests; a flat handlebar that doesn’t bend upward. Flat bars usually have a small amount of back sweep angle. Back sweep is a slight backward bend to provide a more comfortable grip angle for your hands than if it was flat/straight across the full length of the bar.
Advantages of a flat bar
A flat bar keeps your hand position down low and inline with your stem. On a bike built for outright racing, this low position puts you easily into a forward, racey body position for driving down on the pedals. It also provides a better position for standing up and sprinting. This low and forward position also pushes weight onto your hands and into your front wheel for traction.
Note: It should be noted that much of this can be achieved with risers bars by adjusting your riding technique.
Disadvantages of a flat bar
On the right bike, set up correctly for the rider, a flat bar may offer no disadvantage whatsoever. However, for many riders, the more forward position and subsequent weight on the hands and wrists can be a source of numbness or pain on longer rides.
The forward weight also inhibits the rider from pulling the front wheel up, more so than when using a riser bar.
