Alcatraz Island has played many diverse roles for generations of San Franciscans, making it an integral part of the city's history. During the American Civil War, it served as a military outpost called "Fort Alcatraz," eventually becoming a jail in 1933. The renowned federal jail that housed Al Capone, Machine Gun Kelly, and other prominent criminals from across the US was located on the island from 1934 to 1963. After that, it was the scene of a Native American civil rights movement (see below), and in 1972, it was incorporated into the Golden Gate Recreation Area.
In 1976, Alcatraz was admitted to the National Register of Historic Places, and in 1986, it was designated a National Historic Landmark. It has been a public museum for many years and is reachable from Pier 33 via a ferry operated by Alcatraz City Cruises LLC.
Here are 3 things to do when taking an Alcatraz tour:
- Explore the Seabird Nesting Grounds
A large population of seabirds that nest on Alcatraz is recorded and monitored as part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, but many visitors need to be made aware of this. Cormorants, gulls, night herons, egrets, and pigeon guillemots are just a few of the bird species that breed on the island. This makes Alcatraz a popular destination for birdwatchers from all over the world, who can see the seabirds in action up close. When visiting, pick up a Birds on the Rock leaflet at the information desk. For the greatest birdwatching, go in late winter or early spring.
- Take a trip to the Alcatraz Lighthouse
Given that it is one of the island's most recognizable characteristics, the Alcatraz Lighthouse is iconic in and of itself. You may not be aware of this, but it was completed in 1854, making it the first lighthouse ever built on the west coast. It was updated numerous times to increase its height and install a more contemporary, automated beacon after serving as a navigational beacon for 50 years. Despite being off-limits to the general public, the lighthouse is easily seen because it is situated near the Warden's House.
- Look at the lingering effects of the Native American civil rights movement
The Indians of All Tribes, a group of Native American activists, occupied Alcatraz for 19 months beginning in 1969. Invoking the Treaty of Fort Laramie, by which the government committed to giving the tribes from which the property was originally taken back abandoned federal territory, they advocated for the establishment of a cultural center and other facilities there. The government eventually drove the invaders from the island after much controversy. On the water tower and at the entrance, as well as the remnants of numerous buildings that were destroyed in a fire (of disputed provenance) at the time, you can still observe graffiti from this era.
When you are planning an Alcatraz tour, make sure to buy the Alcatraz tickets well in advance to avoid the rush. Make sure to do these three things to have the best Alcatraz tour experience. Bon Voyage!
